EU Modern Theory of Union Formation and Law

Your final grade will be determined by the following:

Essay: 20
Presentation: 10
Class Participation 10
Written Exam: 60

These are guidelines for writing easy (Article) for students. Before writing your paper, be sure to check that it meets the requirements.
1. Manuscript format: Ensure that your manuscript is formatted according to the department’s guidelines, including font type, size, margins, and line spacing.
a. The font must be 14 Times New Roman throughout the essay.
b. Margins must use a "Moderate" inch on all sides.
c. The text must be Single spaces.
2. Length of the manuscript: The typical length of an essay is not more than six to eight pages or 2500 (including abstract, main body, conclusion) and without references.
3. The title of the article should not be longer than 12 words, the title should be free of numbers or bullets, and the initial letter of each word should be capitalized.
4. The abstract should provide a concise summary of the article and should be written clearly and concisely.
5. The abstract should be a one paragraph of maximum 150 words in length.
6. Avoid citations in the abstract.
7. Keywords: Immediately after the abstract, provide 5-7 keywords, avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts (Please avoid for example, “and”, and “of”). A keyword shouldn’t be longer than two worlds.
8. The essay should be logically constructed.
9. The essay is better structured according to IMRAD, the standard for the design of a scientific article.
a. Introduction;
b. Materials and methods;
c. Results; and
d. Discussion.
9. Moreover, in the end, there must always be conclusions.
10. Divide your essay into clearly defined and numbered sections in the left side. Subsections should be numbered I, II, III, like;
I. Introduction
II. Methodology
III. Results
IV. Discussion
Then (A, B, C,)
And then (1, 2, 3), etc. The abstract is not included in the section numbering.
11. Not allowed to go for 4th sub heading if it is necessary use the bullets point with in third heading
12. Present tables and figures at the end of the essay or in line with the text.
13. Please include the In-text reference where necessary (APA Style) at least one at the end of each paragraph like (Naeem, 2024).
14. Do not use footnote references.
15. The bibliography (APA Style) should be in alphabetic order without numbers or bullets.
16. All references should be based on Journals and books published within the last three years.
17. The author(s) should follow the latest edition of the APA (7th edition) style in referencing. Please visit the APA Style website to learn more about APA style.
18. Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Avoid citations in the abstract. Unpublished results and personal communications should not be in the reference.
19. Each paragraph should contain 8-10 sentences.
20. There should be no spaces between the paragraphs, headings and paragraphs
21. Introduction: The introduction should provide a clear and concise background to the topic and should state the purpose of the article.
22. Methods: The methods section should provide a detailed description of the research methods used in the study, including the study design, sample size, data collection methods, and statistical analysis methods.
23. Results: The results section should present the findings of the study clearly and concisely, including tables, figures, and graphs as appropriate.
24. Discussion: The discussion should interpret the results of the study and place them in the context of the existing literature.
25. Conclusion: The conclusion should summarize the key findings of the study and provide implications for future research. It should not exceed 2 paragraphs.
26. Originality: The manuscript must be original and must not have been published previously.
27. Article should be original and should not contain any plagiarism (20% allowed for plagiarism and AI contribution must be between 30-50 %).
28. Language: The manuscript should be written in clear and concise English/Uzbek or Russian, free from grammatical and spelling errors.
29. All pages must be numbered right side the bottom of the page
30. All the paragraphs must be justified

1. Time management: Strictly adhere to the time limit. (10/7/5/3)
2. Slide Structure:
a. Single sentence bullet (Maximum 8-10 words per bullet)
b. Maximum 4-6 bullets per slide
3. Visual aids: Use effective, relevant visuals.
4. Delivery technique: Never read directly from your slides.
5. Evidence-based content and Audience engagement
6. Content structure (IFRAR):
a. Introduction
i. Description of the issue
ii. Relevance of the study
iii. Significance of the problem
iv. Objectives
b. Facts and issues
i. Important information relevant to the problem
c. Research questions
i. Specific research questions
d. Analysis
i. Literature
ii. Comparison
iii. Evaluation
iv. Findings
e. Recommendations
i. Proposal and suggestions
ii. Implications

What should include in the Presentations
I-Introduction

1-Clear, concise description of the issue (Problem)
2-Importance or relevancy of the Problem
3-Significance of the Problem
4-Objective of the study

II. Facts and Issue
1-Important information relevant to the problem
2-Legal framework or precedents
3-Conflicts identified
4-Involved or affected stakeholders
III. Research Questions
1- specific research question
2- Rationale behind the questions
3- How they relate to the problem
IV. Analysis
1- Literature, theories, principles and precedents
2- Comparison
3-Evalution of the evidence
4-Findings
5- Discussion of how findings relate to questions
V. Recommendations
1- Proposed solution
2- Practical implication of the findings
3- Suggestion for reforms
1. Time management: Strictly adhere to the time limit. (10/7/5/3)
2. Slide Structure:
a. Single sentence bullet (Maximum 8-10 words per bullet)
b. Maximum 4-6 bullets per slide
3. Visual aids: Use effective, relevant visuals.
4. Delivery technique: Never read directly from your slides.
5. Evidence-based content and Audience engagement
6. Content structure (IFRAR):
a. Introduction
i. Description of the issue
ii. Relevance of the study
iii. Significance of the problem
iv. Objectives
b. Facts and issues
i. Important information relevant to the problem
c. Research questions
i. Specific research questions
d. Analysis
i. Literature
ii. Comparison
iii. Evaluation
iv. Findings
e. Recommendations
i. Proposal and suggestions
ii. Implications


What should include in the Presentations
I-Introduction
1-Clear, concise description of the issue (Problem)
2-Importance or relevancy of the Problem
3-Significance of the Problem
4-Objective of the study
II. Facts and Issue
1-Important information relevant to the problem
2-Legal framework or precedents
3-Conflicts identified
4-Involved or affected stakeholders
III. Research Questions
1- specific research question
2- Rationale behind the questions
3- How they relate to the problem
IV. Analysis
1- Literature, theories, principles and precedents
2- Comparison
3-Evalution of the evidence
4-Findings
5- Discussion of how findings relate to questions
V. Recommendations
1- Proposed solution
2- Practical implication of the findings
3- Suggestion for reforms

The final exam will be a comprehensive assessment worth sixty marks, administered as a computer-based test within the university's specially equipped facility. You will have a strict time limit of two hours to complete it.
The examination will take place on university computers that are installed with security cameras for identity verification. While these computers are not connected to the general internet, you will be granted specific access to the Lex.uz legal database to consult official laws and regulations. The Dean's office will provide the necessary login ID and passcode to access both the exam platform and this legal resource.
The core of the exam will be a case-based scenario. You will be presented with a realistic legal situation and must carefully analyze its details. Your answers to the subsequent questions must be derived directly from this case and must be supported by the applicable laws of Uzbekistan.

For each question, your response should be structured to demonstrate a deep understanding. Begin with a precise introduction that clearly identifies the central legal issue at hand. Following this, you must discuss the specific rules and laws relevant to the situation, citing them appropriately.
The most critical part of your answer is the in-depth analysis. Here, you must move beyond simply stating the law to provide a critical evaluation of how the legal principles apply to the case's unique facts, exploring different interpretations and consequences. Finally, conclude each answer with a constructive and well-reasoned summary that provides a definitive resolution based on your preceding analysis.
The final exam will be a comprehensive assessment worth sixty marks, administered as a computer-based test within the university's specially equipped facility. You will have a strict time limit of two hours to complete it.
The examination will take place on university computers that are installed with security cameras for identity verification. While these computers are not connected to the general internet, you will be granted specific access to the Lex.uz legal database to consult official laws and regulations. The Dean's office will provide the necessary login ID and passcode to access both the exam platform and this legal resource.
The core of the exam will be a case-based scenario. You will be presented with a realistic legal situation and must carefully analyze its details. Your answers to the subsequent questions must be derived directly from this case and must be supported by the applicable laws of Uzbekistan.

For each question, your response should be structured to demonstrate a deep understanding. Begin with a precise introduction that clearly identifies the central legal issue at hand. Following this, you must discuss the specific rules and laws relevant to the situation, citing them appropriately.
The most critical part of your answer is the in-depth analysis. Here, you must move beyond simply stating the law to provide a critical evaluation of how the legal principles apply to the case's unique facts, exploring different interpretations and consequences. Finally, conclude each answer with a constructive and well-reasoned summary that provides a definitive resolution based on your preceding analysis.

The Tashkent State University of Law offers a wealth of additional opportunities for students drawn to academic research, building upon a strong institutional tradition that both recognizes and actively supports such pursuits. The university's overarching research and innovation policy creates a fertile ground for intellectual exploration, a commitment that is vividly reflected in the activities of its individual departments.
The Department of Cyber Law stands as a prime example of this ethos, actively implementing and benefiting from the university's supportive framework. A fundamental opportunity provided by the department is a dedicated course titled "Research Methodology and Legal Teach," which is designed to provide a comprehensive foundation in academic research. This subject equips students with essential skills, from formulating a research question to analyzing data and structuring a paper, thereby polishing their abilities and preparing them for direct involvement in scholarly activities.
To further enhance these skills, the department has established a specialized Scientific Research Writing School. This school serves as a dynamic hub for aspiring researchers, offering a practical and interactive complement to classroom learning. Its activities include targeted lectures on advanced writing techniques, workshops dedicated to the intricacies of academic publishing, and the organization of student-focused conferences where participants can present their work. A key feature of the school is its invitation of guest lecturers from the international academic community, providing students with direct access to the expertise and perspectives of foreign scholars.
The department also provides exceptional platforms for disseminating completed research through its two recognized journals. One is a national journal officially registered with the OAK authority of Uzbekistan, offering a reputable venue for domestic scholarly contribution. The other is an international journal, which is indexed in prestigious databases like Crossref and other international agencies, allowing students to achieve global visibility for their work.
The university broadens the research horizon through strategic international collaboration. It has established partnerships with other universities specifically for joint research initiatives and co-publications. This allows students to engage in cross-border academic projects, fostering a global perspective and providing invaluable experience in collaborative research, thereby fully preparing them for a future in the global academic or professional landscape.

A wide variety of resources are available for independent study, providing students with multiple avenues for academic exploration. The primary resources originate from departmental teachers, whose materials are made readily accessible. These materials, which include textbooks, study manuals, monographs, academic publications, and recorded lecture videos, are hosted on the department's official website with open access for all students.
Furthermore, the Tashkent State University library serves as a crucial hub for research, offering a vast collection of sources and the latest publications. The library provides access to numerous specialized academic databases, which contain a wealth of peer-reviewed journals and research papers. These resources typically have very high subscription costs, but the library's institutional membership makes them freely available to students for their research.
For students focusing on legal and regulatory studies, the official website Lex.uz is an indispensable resource. This platform provides access to the latest legislation and legal documents, ensuring that students have up-to-date information on current laws and governmental regulations.
To broaden their perspective and gain international exposure, students are also guided towards specific online resources by their departments. For instance, the Department of Cyber Law actively recommends a selection of relevant websites and international databases. These curated resources are designed to help students engage with global scholarship and stay informed about international developments in their field of study.

The university maintains a robust support system for students who find themselves struggling in their courses. The institution is committed to recognizing the needs of its student body and acts in their best interests, providing a foundational network of support to help overcome academic challenges.

A prominent example of this support within the Department of Cyber Laws is the "Ostaz Shagird" custom, a concept championed by the professors. This tradition embodies the principle that a teacher serves not only as an instructor but also as a dedicated mentor. In this role, professors are committed to providing direct assistance with studies, offering valuable academic consultancy, and sharing guidance to support students' overall development.

Consequently, any student experiencing academic difficulty is encouraged to consult with the department. The professors are consistently available to assist students with their coursework and to provide the necessary guidance to navigate and resolve study-related problems. This proactive approach ensures that students have the resources required to progress confidently in their academic pursuits.